Our research sheds light on the answers to this vital question. We developed and tested a three-tier theory of change (ToC), a model that spells out how citizens take action as a result of three variables: their own cost-benefit approximations, the way that contextual factors affect their lives, and their social connections, through which contextual factors are translated, and made tangible. This final factor – social mediation – where encounters and discussions with people who are important for the individual, is especially important, and constitutes the ‘tipping point.’ Our research suggests that it’s at this tipping point where anti-corruption organizations can do much more to support citizen action on corruption.